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Revolt & Crown Rule

India · 1861Indian Councils, High Courts & Police Acts of 1861 institutionalise Crown rule

Consolidating Crown rule after the 1857 revolt, the Indian Councils, High Courts, Police and Paper Currency Acts reshaped India's legislature, judiciary, policing and currency. The American Civil War triggered a boom in Indian cotton exports, while agrarian grievance surfaced in the Nil Darpan controversy.

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Polity & Governanceराजव्यवस्था एवं शासन

The Freedom Struggle & National Movementस्वतंत्रता संग्राम एवं राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन

Economyअर्थव्यवस्था

Society & Cultureसमाज एवं संस्कृति

Environment & Disastersपर्यावरण एवं आपदाएं

Key figures

Lord Canning — Viceroy and Governor-General under whom the Acts of 1861 were enacted and the portfolio system was recognAlexander Cunningham — first Archaeological Surveyor and associated with the establishment of the Archaeological Survey Rabindranath Tagore — born 7 May 1861; Bengal Renaissance figure and later Nobel laureate in Literature (1913).Prafulla Chandra Ray — born 2 August 1861; pioneering chemist and founder of Bengal Chemicals.Madan Mohan Malaviya — born 25 December 1861; later Congress President and founder of Banaras Hindu University.Rev. James Long — missionary convicted in 1861 over the English translation of Nil Darpan.

UPSC / State PCS — Exam focus

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