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Revolt & Crown Rule

India · 1862Crown rule builds India's modern courts and codes as the last Mughal dies in exile

Five years after the Revolt, Crown rule consolidated: the Indian Penal Code came into force on 1 January, High Courts were established at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras, and the first Indians were nominated to the Viceroy's Legislative Council. Bahadur Shah Zafar died in exile in Rangoon, marking the end of the Mughal Empire as a political symbol.

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Polity & Governanceराजव्यवस्था एवं शासन

The Freedom Struggle & National Movementस्वतंत्रता संग्राम एवं राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन

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Society & Cultureसमाज एवं संस्कृति

India & the Worldभारत एवं विश्व

Key figures

Bahadur Shah Zafar — the last Mughal emperor; died in British exile in Rangoon on 7 November 1862.Lord Canning — first Viceroy under Crown rule; left office in March 1862 after post-1857 consolidation and the first IndLord Elgin (James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin) — succeeded Canning as Viceroy of India in 1862.T. B. Macaulay — associated with the drafting of the Indian Penal Code, which came into force on 1 January 1862.Sir Barnes Peacock — first Chief Justice of the Calcutta High Court, established in 1862.Sir Dinkar Rao — Dewan of Gwalior; among the first Indians nominated to the Viceroy's Legislative Council in 1862.

UPSC / State PCS — Exam focus

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