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Wars, the Green Revolution & the Emergency

India · 1974Pokhran-I 'Smiling Buddha': India's first nuclear test, 18 May 1974

India became the sixth nation to test a nuclear device at Pokhran on 18 May, even as oil-shock inflation above 20%, the suppressed railway strike and Jayaprakash Narayan's call for 'Total Revolution' sharpened the clash between Indira Gandhi's government and the opposition — the road to the 1975 Emergency.

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Key figures

Indira Gandhi — Prime Minister; authorised Pokhran-I and faced the year's mass agitations.Jayaprakash Narayan (JP) — gave the 'Total Revolution' call, leading the mass movement against the government.George Fernandes — trade-union leader associated with the 1974 All India Railway Strike.Raja Ramanna — physicist who led the BARC team that conducted India's first nuclear test.Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed — sworn in as the 5th President of India in August 1974.Gaura Devi — led the women of Reni village in the defining Chipko protest.

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